{
  "capsule": {
    "schema": "apk-scanner.proof/v2",
    "issuer": "apk-scanner.com",
    "issued_at": "2026-10-13T20:04:44.765Z",
    "app": {
      "app_id": "sg.bigo.live",
      "title": "Bigo Live - Live Streaming App",
      "version": "6.53.1"
    },
    "analysis": {
      "issues": [],
      "stages": {
        "pii": "complete",
        "sbom": "complete",
        "signing": "certificate_parsed",
        "strings": "complete",
        "manifest": "complete"
      },
      "status": "complete",
      "grading": {
        "policy": "static-coverage-v1",
        "blockers": [],
        "eligible": true
      },
      "timings_ms": {
        "total": 19293.748,
        "harvest": 6736.317000000028,
        "detectors": 8410.159000000189
      },
      "bytes_total": 121111101,
      "bytes_scanned": 121111101,
      "bytes_skipped": 0,
      "files_processed": 12115,
      "coverage_version": 2,
      "string_encodings": [
        "ascii",
        "utf16le"
      ],
      "signature_validation": "not_performed"
    },
    "provenance": {
      "mode": "static",
      "artifacts": [
        {
          "name": "base.apk",
          "sha256": "7fa13d574939c53600179e77e0da92035149dcc7fe7991056ae92e4880c35040"
        },
        {
          "name": "config.arm64_v8a.apk",
          "sha256": "1f80d7931abacdf288be6f265dbc762ce7fd3fa7e94261ae906087264f01a083"
        },
        {
          "name": "config.xxhdpi.apk",
          "sha256": "aca815864b4cd77be46985fa653e86a937e1ce155f3e3b4ceae2f3ae08ce2ff8"
        }
      ],
      "ruleset_sha256": "fb649a88cc2e66d8cb5b3c389ee4628bf97383e131015c594e187dc06eabcef7"
    },
    "apk_sha256": "7fa13d574939c53600179e77e0da92035149dcc7fe7991056ae92e4880c35040",
    "scan": {
      "scan_id": "b0b6d359-ae75-45a3-a519-0fa0f0ecd981",
      "scanned_at": "2026-09-14T10:24:30.339Z",
      "grade": "B",
      "score": 83
    },
    "apk_signer": {
      "scheme": "v3",
      "subject_o": "bigo",
      "subject_cn": "bigo",
      "sha256": "5c333105423f4d1b074a8deb7e5a2c6e9b485cf47fd6fd5309778e8dc3629401",
      "not_after": "2042-03-15T02:17:10+00:00"
    },
    "counts": {
      "critical": 0,
      "high": 0,
      "medium": 2,
      "low": 7
    },
    "findings": [
      {
        "finding_type": 2,
        "severity": "low",
        "title": "Firebase Realtime Database reference",
        "redacted_display": "https://█████████.firebaseio.com/███",
        "fingerprint": "6604491a4483d0360ab7fe57c98f3b3e633ff3552e1603998dfacf9c50813366",
        "verified": false,
        "cwe": [
          "CWE-200",
          "CWE-284"
        ],
        "masvs": [
          "MASVS-STORAGE-2"
        ],
        "remediation": "Confirm the bucket/database denies anonymous read (enable auth / storage rules / RLS), then audit its contents for data already exposed while it was open."
      },
      {
        "finding_type": 20,
        "severity": "low",
        "title": "Google API key (client-shipped; restriction unverified)",
        "redacted_display": "AIza•••••••• (21–40 chars, redacted)",
        "fingerprint": "bf991de2b0bfefa9f98cc4e62a21ddaaf1396771366d68e63f2168a5c35822f3",
        "verified": false,
        "cwe": [
          "CWE-798"
        ],
        "masvs": [
          "MASVS-STORAGE-1"
        ],
        "remediation": "Restrict the API key (application + API restrictions in Google Cloud Console); a client-shipped key is public, so restriction is the control."
      },
      {
        "finding_type": 20,
        "severity": "low",
        "title": "Google API key (client-shipped; restriction unverified)",
        "redacted_display": "AIza•••••••• (21–40 chars, redacted)",
        "fingerprint": "36bc71253f830aa08865bddb77c1e977ffb0b732805f80ce8eb470f5cd0646d2",
        "verified": false,
        "cwe": [
          "CWE-798"
        ],
        "masvs": [
          "MASVS-STORAGE-1"
        ],
        "remediation": "Restrict the API key (application + API restrictions in Google Cloud Console); a client-shipped key is public, so restriction is the control."
      },
      {
        "finding_type": 35,
        "severity": "low",
        "title": "Exported content provider without permission (third-party library artifact, shared across 402 unrelated developers)",
        "redacted_display": "FacebookContentProvider (exported, no permission)",
        "fingerprint": "b369abc903581edba05e9ec1a5fc46d6b3e7ae316db05c5f7a90becac10e388b",
        "verified": false,
        "cwe": [
          "CWE-926",
          "CWE-284"
        ],
        "masvs": [
          "MASVS-PLATFORM-1"
        ],
        "remediation": "Set android:exported=false, or require a signature-level android:permission, and scope grantUriPermissions narrowly."
      },
      {
        "finding_type": 53,
        "severity": "low",
        "title": "Firebase Storage bucket reference",
        "redacted_display": "████████████",
        "fingerprint": "49d7f1e7747259e13dfaefbdb67437d489dd1cbe45752eb2dc46be9cf45429cc",
        "verified": false,
        "cwe": [
          "CWE-200",
          "CWE-284"
        ],
        "masvs": [
          "MASVS-STORAGE-2"
        ],
        "remediation": "Confirm the bucket/database denies anonymous read (enable auth / storage rules / RLS), then audit its contents for data already exposed while it was open."
      },
      {
        "finding_type": 77,
        "severity": "low",
        "title": "Data Safety label omits Calendar",
        "redacted_display": "app can access calendar (Calendar); not in the declaration",
        "fingerprint": "2a94ef25c6a64a2fcc33bcb8d2ada6376b418ddfa745771aa213e568d5afb277",
        "verified": false,
        "cwe": [
          "CWE-359"
        ],
        "masvs": [
          "MASVS-PRIVACY-3"
        ],
        "remediation": "Update the Play Data Safety form to declare the observed data category, or remove the capability if the data is not actually collected."
      },
      {
        "finding_type": 77,
        "severity": "low",
        "title": "Data Safety label omits Contacts",
        "redacted_display": "app can access contacts (Contacts); not in the declaration",
        "fingerprint": "52d6df5eafe80ad7de0275ee425de0bf8d715439e92a9026117bea4d546827d0",
        "verified": false,
        "cwe": [
          "CWE-359"
        ],
        "masvs": [
          "MASVS-PRIVACY-3"
        ],
        "remediation": "Update the Play Data Safety form to declare the observed data category, or remove the capability if the data is not actually collected."
      },
      {
        "finding_type": 35,
        "severity": "medium",
        "title": "Exported content provider without permission",
        "redacted_display": "BigoSyncContentProvider (exported, no permission)",
        "fingerprint": "9f1b0f62f73fb7618f9b50f6c8a4da1490b3184e8afc6122441db044f80fac8a",
        "verified": false,
        "cwe": [
          "CWE-926",
          "CWE-284"
        ],
        "masvs": [
          "MASVS-PLATFORM-1"
        ],
        "remediation": "Set android:exported=false, or require a signature-level android:permission, and scope grantUriPermissions narrowly."
      },
      {
        "finding_type": 78,
        "severity": "medium",
        "title": "Ships third-party ad/analytics SDKs but Data Safety declares no data shared",
        "redacted_display": "3 ad/attribution SDK(s) present; 'Data shared' is empty",
        "fingerprint": "2b54e044aaab4c3f757c82024e4d291eb1074bc851c642350ce6faee6f887e08",
        "verified": false,
        "cwe": [
          "CWE-359"
        ],
        "masvs": [
          "MASVS-PRIVACY-3"
        ],
        "remediation": "Declare third-party data sharing in Data Safety, or confirm and document that the SDKs transmit no user data."
      }
    ],
    "live_verification": {
      "verified_count": 0,
      "items": []
    },
    "trackers_count": 8,
    "pii": {
      "sources": 16,
      "identifiers": [
        "Advertising ID (AAID)",
        "Android ID",
        "Device ID / IMEI",
        "Subscriber ID (IMSI)",
        "Hardware MAC address"
      ],
      "destinations": 6
    },
    "sbom": {
      "component_count": 1,
      "vuln_count": 0,
      "components": [
        {
          "name": "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp",
          "version": "4.10.0",
          "cves": []
        }
      ]
    },
    "control_coverage": {
      "schema": "apk-scanner.coverage/v1",
      "framework": "OWASP MASVS v2",
      "disclaimer": "Static, metadata-only analysis. Each control is scored evidence-for / gap-signal / requires-manual-testing. This is evidence toward a MASVS assessment, NOT a certification — apk-scanner.com is not an authorized assessment lab. Absence of a static finding does not prove a control passes.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "control": "MASVS-STORAGE-1",
          "category": "STORAGE",
          "title": "The app securely stores sensitive data.",
          "static": "partial",
          "status": "gap-detected",
          "count": 2,
          "findings": [
            {
              "finding_type": 20,
              "key": "google_api_key",
              "title": "Google API key (client-shipped; restriction unverified)",
              "severity": "low",
              "verified": false,
              "relationship": "gap-signal",
              "cwe": [
                798
              ]
            },
            {
              "finding_type": 20,
              "key": "google_api_key",
              "title": "Google API key (client-shipped; restriction unverified)",
              "severity": "low",
              "verified": false,
              "relationship": "gap-signal",
              "cwe": [
                798
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-STORAGE-2",
          "category": "STORAGE",
          "title": "The app prevents leakage of sensitive data.",
          "static": "partial",
          "status": "gap-detected",
          "count": 2,
          "findings": [
            {
              "finding_type": 2,
              "key": "firebase_rtdb",
              "title": "Firebase Realtime Database reference",
              "severity": "low",
              "verified": false,
              "relationship": "gap-signal",
              "cwe": [
                200,
                284
              ]
            },
            {
              "finding_type": 53,
              "key": "firebase_storage",
              "title": "Firebase Storage bucket reference",
              "severity": "low",
              "verified": false,
              "relationship": "gap-signal",
              "cwe": [
                200,
                284
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-CRYPTO-1",
          "category": "CRYPTO",
          "title": "The app employs current strong cryptography and uses it according to best practices.",
          "static": "partial",
          "status": "no-static-findings",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-CRYPTO-2",
          "category": "CRYPTO",
          "title": "The app performs key management according to best practices.",
          "static": "partial",
          "status": "no-static-findings",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-AUTH-1",
          "category": "AUTH",
          "title": "The app uses secure authentication and authorization protocols.",
          "static": "manual",
          "status": "requires-manual-testing",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-AUTH-2",
          "category": "AUTH",
          "title": "The app performs local authentication securely.",
          "static": "manual",
          "status": "requires-manual-testing",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-AUTH-3",
          "category": "AUTH",
          "title": "The app secures sensitive operations with additional authentication.",
          "static": "manual",
          "status": "requires-manual-testing",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-NETWORK-1",
          "category": "NETWORK",
          "title": "The app secures all network traffic according to current best practices.",
          "static": "yes",
          "status": "no-static-findings",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-NETWORK-2",
          "category": "NETWORK",
          "title": "The app verifies the identity of the remote endpoint (e.g. certificate pinning).",
          "static": "partial",
          "status": "no-static-findings",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-PLATFORM-1",
          "category": "PLATFORM",
          "title": "The app uses IPC mechanisms securely.",
          "static": "yes",
          "status": "gap-detected",
          "count": 2,
          "findings": [
            {
              "finding_type": 35,
              "key": "exported_provider",
              "title": "Exported content provider without permission (third-party library artifact, shared across 402 unrelated developers)",
              "severity": "low",
              "verified": false,
              "relationship": "gap-confirmed",
              "cwe": [
                926,
                284
              ]
            },
            {
              "finding_type": 35,
              "key": "exported_provider",
              "title": "Exported content provider without permission",
              "severity": "medium",
              "verified": false,
              "relationship": "gap-confirmed",
              "cwe": [
                926,
                284
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-PLATFORM-2",
          "category": "PLATFORM",
          "title": "The app uses WebViews securely.",
          "static": "partial",
          "status": "no-static-findings",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-PLATFORM-3",
          "category": "PLATFORM",
          "title": "The app uses the user interface securely.",
          "static": "manual",
          "status": "requires-manual-testing",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-CODE-1",
          "category": "CODE",
          "title": "The app requires an up-to-date platform version.",
          "static": "yes",
          "status": "no-static-findings",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-CODE-2",
          "category": "CODE",
          "title": "The app has a mechanism for enforcing updates.",
          "static": "manual",
          "status": "requires-manual-testing",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-CODE-3",
          "category": "CODE",
          "title": "The app only uses software components without known vulnerabilities.",
          "static": "yes",
          "status": "no-static-findings",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-CODE-4",
          "category": "CODE",
          "title": "The app validates and sanitizes all untrusted inputs and follows secure-coding practice.",
          "static": "partial",
          "status": "no-static-findings",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-RESILIENCE-1",
          "category": "RESILIENCE",
          "title": "The app validates the integrity of the platform.",
          "static": "manual",
          "status": "requires-manual-testing",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-RESILIENCE-2",
          "category": "RESILIENCE",
          "title": "The app implements anti-tampering mechanisms.",
          "static": "manual",
          "status": "requires-manual-testing",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-RESILIENCE-3",
          "category": "RESILIENCE",
          "title": "The app implements anti-static-analysis mechanisms.",
          "static": "manual",
          "status": "requires-manual-testing",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-RESILIENCE-4",
          "category": "RESILIENCE",
          "title": "The app implements anti-dynamic-analysis techniques.",
          "static": "manual",
          "status": "requires-manual-testing",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-PRIVACY-1",
          "category": "PRIVACY",
          "title": "The app minimizes access to sensitive data and resources.",
          "static": "yes",
          "status": "no-static-findings",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-PRIVACY-2",
          "category": "PRIVACY",
          "title": "The app prevents identification of the user.",
          "static": "yes",
          "status": "no-static-findings",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-PRIVACY-3",
          "category": "PRIVACY",
          "title": "The app is transparent about data collection and usage.",
          "static": "yes",
          "status": "gap-detected",
          "count": 3,
          "findings": [
            {
              "finding_type": 77,
              "key": "ds_underdeclare",
              "title": "Data Safety label omits Calendar",
              "severity": "low",
              "verified": false,
              "relationship": "gap-signal",
              "cwe": [
                359
              ]
            },
            {
              "finding_type": 77,
              "key": "ds_underdeclare",
              "title": "Data Safety label omits Contacts",
              "severity": "low",
              "verified": false,
              "relationship": "gap-signal",
              "cwe": [
                359
              ]
            },
            {
              "finding_type": 78,
              "key": "ds_undeclared_sharing",
              "title": "Ships third-party ad/analytics SDKs but Data Safety declares no data shared",
              "severity": "medium",
              "verified": false,
              "relationship": "gap-signal",
              "cwe": [
                359
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "control": "MASVS-PRIVACY-4",
          "category": "PRIVACY",
          "title": "The app offers user control over their data.",
          "static": "manual",
          "status": "requires-manual-testing",
          "count": 0,
          "findings": []
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "category": "STORAGE",
          "controls": 2,
          "gaps": 2,
          "verified": 0,
          "manual": 0
        },
        {
          "category": "CRYPTO",
          "controls": 2,
          "gaps": 0,
          "verified": 0,
          "manual": 0
        },
        {
          "category": "AUTH",
          "controls": 3,
          "gaps": 0,
          "verified": 0,
          "manual": 3
        },
        {
          "category": "NETWORK",
          "controls": 2,
          "gaps": 0,
          "verified": 0,
          "manual": 0
        },
        {
          "category": "PLATFORM",
          "controls": 3,
          "gaps": 1,
          "verified": 0,
          "manual": 1
        },
        {
          "category": "CODE",
          "controls": 4,
          "gaps": 0,
          "verified": 0,
          "manual": 1
        },
        {
          "category": "RESILIENCE",
          "controls": 4,
          "gaps": 0,
          "verified": 0,
          "manual": 4
        },
        {
          "category": "PRIVACY",
          "controls": 4,
          "gaps": 1,
          "verified": 0,
          "manual": 1
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "proof": {
    "alg": "ed25519",
    "key_id": "IE6LeZNX4dAAPLGr",
    "digest_sha256": "6f4f26649e796704afecdb7317284ca296cbcfa01c080e02cd49e5686ed40c16",
    "signature": "b0J/UYhxz4m5xjIXTGy4I5PAdk/MdLNb72WJCdywSKupDaiZQ8ueP+cPn2kSUbgjYGSp/c6ljLPgwQpNKHuwBw==",
    "public_key_pem": "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMCowBQYDK2VwAyEAwH2fYdYB5nD0CQslDtG3FgafcJBoOX2OGoT80Woksrk=\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n",
    "verify_url": "https://apk-scanner.com/verify"
  }
}